我们知道，Oracle在启动过程中，需要读取参数文件（pfile/spfile）来创建实例。Oracle在启动过程中，寻找参数文件的顺序为：
spfile<sid>.ora，spfile.ora，init<sid>.ora.
而创建实例的过程中，Oracle需要的最少参数为一个，即db_name参数。
我们来看一个测试，启动一个任意设置的实例，本例ORACLE_SID=julia：
oracle@jumper dbs]$ export ORACLE_SID=julia [oracle@jumper dbs]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba" SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon May 8 11:08:36 2006 Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup nomount; ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/dbs/initjulia.ora' |
Oracle最后检查的文件为initjulia.ora，让我们创建这个文件，然后数据库实例即可创建：
SQL> ! echo "db_name=julia" > /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/dbs/initjulia.ora SQL> startup nomount; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 97588504 bytes Fixed Size 451864 bytes Variable Size 46137344 bytes Database Buffers 50331648 bytes Redo Buffers 667648 bytes |
我们可以看一下缺省的各类文件的存储地点：
SQL> show parameter dump_dest NAME TYPE VALUE --------------- ----------------- -------- background_dump_dest string ?/rdbms/log core_dump_dest string ?/dbs user_dump_dest string ?/rdbms/log SQL> show parameter control_files NAME TYPE VALUE --------------- ----------------- control_files string ?/dbs/cntrl@.dbf |
我们顺便看一下缺省的，警报日志中记录的信息：
oracle@jumper dbs]$ cat $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/log/alert_julia.log Mon May 8 11:09:04 2006 Starting ORACLE instance (normal) Mon May 8 11:09:04 2006 WARNING: EINVAL creating segment of size 0x0000000006400000 fix shm parameters in /etc/system or equivalent LICENSE_MAX_SESSION = 0 LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING = 0 SCN scheme 2 Using log_archive_dest parameter default value LICENSE_MAX_USERS = 0 SYS auditing is disabled Starting up ORACLE RDBMS Version: 9.2.0.4.0. System parameters with non-default values: db_name = julia PMON started with pid=2 DBW0 started with pid=3 LGWR started with pid=4 CKPT started with pid=5 SMON started with pid=6 RECO started with pid=7 |
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